Effect of fibrous porous material on natural convection heat transfer from a horizontal circular cylinder located in a square enclosure

A numerical simulation study was carried out to investigate a steady two-dimensional laminar natural convective heat transfer from uniformly heated inner circular cylinder placed inside an air-filled square enclosure with porous material. The enclosure’s side and upper walls were isothermal, while the bottom wall adiabatic. All calculations performed in range of Rayleigh numbers between 103 107. material porosity (?), solid fluid thermal conductivity ratio (kr), Darcy number present 1.0, 0.5, 0.01, respectively. results showed that for are less than 106, isotherms almost parallel three cold except corners adiabatic wall. rates vertical velocity higher horizontal velocity, especially at Grashof numbers. Also, use fibrous low relative reduces values average Nusselt number, addition reducing velocities along axis.